What is GCode?

-Code is the common name for the programming language of CNC Machines. Somewhat of a generic, catch-all type of term for CNC programming language. Very few machines adhere to this standard today. There are as many variations as there are manufacturers. This is how I think of G-Code. It is a simple language built off of the Cartesian Coordinate System for motion control. That is a mouthful.

I don't know if that is exactly right, but you will get my meaning in a second when we go through some code line by line. You will remember your High School Geometry soon enough. For the real pros out there, you know there is much more to G-Code then that, but it is a good place to start thinking about it.

You will see many variations of the G-Code name like:

Gcode
gcode
G-Code
g-code
G Code
G-Code

Are there other "Codes?"

In a word...Yes. We will get to that in a moment. G-code is also the name of any command in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. G-Codes generally tell the machine to perform an action. G-Codes can tell machines to move a certain distance in the X-Axis for example. Or, make a rapid move to another location. Or, move in an arcing fashion while milling. An on and on and on.

Here are some examples of G-Codes:

Remember these codes change to a certain degree between CAM Software packages and CNC Machine Manufacturers.

G00 Rapid positioning
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 CW circular interpolation
G03 CCW circular interpolation
G04 Dwell
G20 Programming in inches
G21 Programming in mm
G28 Return to home position
G40 Tool radius compensation off
G41 Tool radius compensation left
G42 Tool radius compensation right
G43 Tool offset compensation positive
G44 Tool offset compensation negative

Why does G-Code Change?

We humans like flexibility. We also like standards. G-Codes are standardized in a certain sense. Once you start to be able to read it, you can read just about any flavor of it. That is the standardized part. All machines are not created alike. Even identical machines are different to a certain degree. They may not have the same tools loaded or they have been slightly modified to produce a certain type of part. Interesting how people like to customize.

That is why G-Codes are not the same. You need some flexibility in the programming to accommodate all situations. Couple that with the fact that every manufacturer thinks their version is the best and you get a myriad of G-Codes out there.

Many manufacturers also try to force you to only use their code. For example, they give you a design interface to make parts and a CAM interface to produce code. They lock you into their "Black Box" so you can't go elsewhere for service and support. They lock you in their "Family." Sometimes they make up a completely different kind of G-Code language that no one can understand but them. They do that to keep your hands tied up.

What is an M-Code?

M-Codes are related to G-Codes. M-Codes control different machine functions. Some of these functions are turning the machine on and off. Turning the spindle on or off. Turning a plasma torch on or off. Turning coolant on or off. You get the idea. When programming your CNC machine you may need to perform these functions.

Like G-Code, M-Codes vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and from machine to machine. As you can imagine you would need an M-Code for turning a plasma torch on and off on a CNC Plasma Cutting Machine. You wouldn't need an M-Code to turn a spindle on and off though. Hey, the machine doesn't even have a spindle. It's a plasma cutter!

Ivan is active in Gcode and CNC Programming.

G-Code is one of his expertise.

Computer Aided Manufacturing Software

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is one of the software automation processes that directly convert the product drawing or the object into the code design, enabling the machine to manufacture the product. The CAM system is used in various machines like lathes or milling machines for product manufacturing purposes. It allows the computer work instructions to communicate directly to the manufacturing machines. This saves on time and money, in that the controls can all be routed directly to a computer or laptop system, where changes can be made with the click of a button.

It provides compatibility with any CAD file format including DXF, DWG and DGN Professional 2D Mechanical drafting and design. It allows easy 3D modeling and rendering options. The CAM software provides complete support for milling, drilling and lathing operations. It includes the setup wizard, the tool database and a dialog-free CAM palette.

CAM software has developed in such a way that it has become quick, flexible machining with effective simulation. The 2D and 3D simulation is developed in the real time environment - a major advantage of the software. Load factor compensation for machine and tool, tool paths, automatic optimal tool paths and cumulative time are also major benefits in this CAM software.

Several software vendors like AutoDesk, EDC, PTC, GibbsCAM and CamSoft offer you the software with factors involving high quality, ease of use, and a reasonable price. EDS e-factory, EDS e-Vis, EDC FactoryCAD, PTC Pro/ENGINEER Advanced Assembly, and the API Toolkit are a few of the major software applications that are used in the CAM system.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

Computer Aided Manufacturing Applications

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) refers to an automation process, which accurately converts product design and drawing or the object into a code format, readable by the machine to manufacture the product. Computer aided manufacturing complements the computer aided design (CAD) systems to offer a wide range of applications in different manufacturing fields. CAM evolved from the technology utilized in the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines that were used in the early 1950s. CNC involved the use of coded instructions on a punched paper tape and could control single manufacturing functions. CAM controlled computer systems, however, can control a whole set of manufacturing functions simultaneously.

CAM allows work instructions and procedures to be communicated directly to the manufacturing machines. A CAM system controls manufacturing operations performed by robotic milling machines, lathes, welding machines and other industrial tools. It moves the raw material to different machines within the system by allowing systematic completion of each step. Finished products can also be moved within the system to complete other manufacturing operations such as packaging, synthesizing and making final checks and changes.

Some of the major applications of the CAM system are glass working, woodturning, metalworking and spinning, and graphical optimization of the entire manufacturing procedure. Production of the solids of rotation, plane surfaces, and screw threads is done by applying CAM systems. A CAM system allows the manufacturing of three-dimensional solids, using ornamental lathes with greater intricacy and detail. Products such as candlestick holders, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, crankshafts, and camshafts can be manufactured using the CAM system. CAM system can also be applied to the process of diamond turning to manufacture diamond tipped cutting materials. Aspheric optical elements made from glass, crystals, and other metals can also be produced using CAM systems. Computer aided manufacturing can be applied to the fields of mechanical, electrical, industrial and aerospace engineering. Applications such as thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and kinematics can be controlled using CAM systems. Other applications such as electromagnetism, ergonomics, aerodynamics, and propulsion and material science may also use computer aided manufacturing.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

What Is Computer Aided Manufacturing?

Over the past decade, manufacturing processes all over the world have undergone some dramatic changes. The introduction of automated systems and computer technology has allowed industries to significantly increase their productivity. CAM is the abbreviation for Computer Aided Manufacturing. Computer aided manufacturing accurately converts product drawing or the object into a computer readable code format, enabling the machine to manufacture the product. Computer aided manufacturing can be used in different machines like lathes and milling machines for manufacturing the related product.

A computer aided manufacturing system allows the manufacturer to systematically communicate work instructions to the machine. CAM has evolved from a technology referred to as the Computer Numerical Control (CNC), invented in the 1950s. CNC performed a set of coded instructions in a punched paper tape.

Computer aided manufacturing facilitates effortless and quick computer programming and faster execution of design changes. The computer aided management system integrates the computer aided design systems and controls tasks that involve order placement, scheduling, and replacement of tools. The implementation of CAM system leads to overall increase in efficiency of the manufacturing process. CAM systems are used in the automotive, aviation and furniture manufacturing sectors and areas such as mechanical engineering and electronic designing. Another significant benefit of using the computer aided management system is that it allows customization of the manufacturing process for creating client specific designs.

A computer aided manufacturing system requires a 3D environment for making it compliant with CAD systems. The CAM system can cost $18,000 or more along with the appropriate software. CAM allows automated integration of the manufacturing procedure with other mechanization systems such as Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM), Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), Direct Numerical Control (DNC), and Manufacturing Process Management (MPM). Repetitive tasks involved in the manufacturing process are delegated to machines using the CAM system, allowing workers involved to concentrate on quality control and productivity.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

Pama S.P.A. Boring and Milling Machines

Pama Boring & Milling machines.

Boring and milling machines for large size components Established in 1926.

PAMA has gained its position of prominence over the years in the field of boring and milling machines for large size components. PAMA headquarters and factory are located in Rovereto, near the northern part of Lake Garda (Italy).

PAMA boring and milling machines can be used in fields like energy, aerospace, shipbuilding, diesel engine, defence, earthmoving and general mechanics.

Among its customers PAMA has companies like: General Electric, Siemens, Ansaldo, Fincantieri, Vestas Wind Systems, Koenig & Bauer, Northrop Grumman Marine Systems, Fiat Hitachi, Dalian Heavy Industries, Dong Fang Steam Turbines, Caterpillar, etc.

The new family of boring machines SPEEDRAM 1000, SPEEDRAM 2000, SPEEDRAM 3000, SPEEDRAM 4000, SPEEDRAM 5000 is characterized by technological innovations with consolidated and firmly tested solutions.

PAMA boring machines family is available in a wide range of configurations of torque and power for the fields of general mechanics, power generation, earthmoving, diesel engine, aerospace, shipbuilding, etc.

2002 the company has been taken over by a new group of shareholders who invested large economic and financial resources in updating and renovating the entire production.

PAMA has today the most modern and complete programme of boring and milling machines for large size workpieces.

Quality System: PAMA has updated its quality certification ISO 9001 according to the new Vision 2000 standard.

USA & Canada

PAMA Inc
Sales, Service
450 Airport Rd. - Suite 107
ELGIN, IL 60123-9333
Ph. +1.847.9317392
FAX +1.847.9317396

www.pama.it/uk/
info@pama.us

China

Pama Shangai
Sales, Service
Room 8680, Building A
Jia Hua Business Center
808, Hong Qiao Road
SHANGHAI 200030, P.R. CHINA
Ph. +86.21.64481278
Ph. +86.21.64481287
FAX +86.21.64481282

www.pama.com.cn
pamasha@public7.sta.net.cn

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