CNC Milling Machine

What is GCode?

2008-01-11T22:25:00.001-08:00

-Code is the common name for the programming language of CNC Machines. Somewhat of a generic, catch-all type of term for CNC programming language. Very few machines adhere to this standard today. There are as many variations as there are manufacturers. This is how I think of G-Code. It is a simple language built off of the Cartesian Coordinate System for motion control. That is a mouthful.

I don't know if that is exactly right, but you will get my meaning in a second when we go through some code line by line. You will remember your High School Geometry soon enough. For the real pros out there, you know there is much more to G-Code then that, but it is a good place to start thinking about it.

You will see many variations of the G-Code name like:

Gcode
gcode
G-Code
g-code
G Code
G-Code

Are there other "Codes?"

In a word...Yes. We will get to that in a moment. G-code is also the name of any command in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. G-Codes generally tell the machine to perform an action. G-Codes can tell machines to move a certain distance in the X-Axis for example. Or, make a rapid move to another location. Or, move in an arcing fashion while milling. An on and on and on.

Here are some examples of G-Codes:

Remember these codes change to a certain degree between CAM Software packages and CNC Machine Manufacturers.

G00 Rapid positioning
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 CW circular interpolation
G03 CCW circular interpolation
G04 Dwell
G20 Programming in inches
G21 Programming in mm
G28 Return to home position
G40 Tool radius compensation off
G41 Tool radius compensation left
G42 Tool radius compensation right
G43 Tool offset compensation positive
G44 Tool offset compensation negative

Why does G-Code Change?

We humans like flexibility. We also like standards. G-Codes are standardized in a certain sense. Once you start to be able to read it, you can read just about any flavor of it. That is the standardized part. All machines are not created alike. Even identical machines are different to a certain degree. They may not have the same tools loaded or they have been slightly modified to produce a certain type of part. Interesting how people like to customize.

That is why G-Codes are not the same. You need some flexibility in the programming to accommodate all situations. Couple that with the fact that every manufacturer thinks their version is the best and you get a myriad of G-Codes out there.

Many manufacturers also try to force you to only use their code. For example, they give you a design interface to make parts and a CAM interface to produce code. They lock you into their "Black Box" so you can't go elsewhere for service and support. They lock you in their "Family." Sometimes they make up a completely different kind of G-Code language that no one can understand but them. They do that to keep your hands tied up.

What is an M-Code?

M-Codes are related to G-Codes. M-Codes control different machine functions. Some of these functions are turning the machine on and off. Turning the spindle on or off. Turning a plasma torch on or off. Turning coolant on or off. You get the idea. When programming your CNC machine you may need to perform these functions.

Like G-Code, M-Codes vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and from machine to machine. As you can imagine you would need an M-Code for turning a plasma torch on and off on a CNC Plasma Cutting Machine. You wouldn't need an M-Code to turn a spindle on and off though. Hey, the machine doesn't even have a spindle. It's a plasma cutter!

Ivan is active in Gcode and CNC Programming.

G-Code is one of his expertise.

Do I Need to Be a G-Code Expert With CNC?

2008-01-10T01:08:00.000-08:00

Do I need to be a G Code Expert? In a word, no. You will probably need to know how to quickly scan your G-Code if you are having problems during your machining simulation. Other then that G-Code and a CNC program are throwaway programs for the most part. What do I mean by that? Let me explain.

Let's look at a specific design. Let's say a 12" by 12" square. You build your model, run it through your CAM Software and create a CNC Program made up of G-Code instructions to your machine. Say tomorrow the job requirements change to a 24" by 24" square. Do you go into your G-Code line by line and change the code? Most people wouldn't. They would go back into their CAD or CAM program and scale the square up to 24" by 24". Then post-process the job again to get their new G-Code program.

There are some people that would do this editing line by line because the design is simple. Now think of a complex shape and what scaling it up or down would entail. This would include massive changes to it and reviewing it line by line. We are talking thousands of lines here vs. going back and quickly scaling the model and spitting out some new G-Code.

And that is why this is throwaway. Use it over and over when you can, but don't fret over archiving it if something changes. It is much better to make a copy of the design (CAD File) in its original state and save that somewhere. That is much more useful. Post Processing? - Now you have me worried. With all the variations in G-Codes and M-Codes, how will I ever keep it straight? Don't worry about that. The CAM program you choose will have many Post Processors. Post Processors are like translators. They help the CAM Program spit out the right G-Codes for your specific machine. All you have to do is select the right Post Processor before you spit out the code. That is simple.

Most CAM programs have many machine specific post processors already loaded. All you do is go to the list of them and click on your machine to select it. If you build your own CNC Machine, there are generic post processors loaded for different types of machines. Usually you pick a generic one and modify it a bit with a little testing. You are making sure a move in the X-Axis positive direction really means what you want it to mean.

Don is active in CNC Programming and G Code.

G-Code is part of his expertise.

How to Pick a CAM -Computer Aided Manufacturing- Program

2008-01-10T01:06:00.000-08:00

There are multiple CAM programs available for generating tool paths and machining operations. Generally, people become familiar with one and stick with that. As far as selecting the right one for you, my advice is this. Most software companies have free trial. Thirty-day trials are common. Take advantage of these trial periods and test the software out. Then at the end, decide if you want to try another or stick with your best one. I would advise you try out at least three different packages.

The one you select will probably have to do with your liking the interface or finding it intuitive. Keep in mind it may work for you now. A simple to use and understand interface probably has some limitations for your designs. The very best programs are complex with many tools that give you the most control. I have found that I start with a simple program and outgrow it. At some point, I move up to the next level of software. This usually means a higher price as well.

The difference with CAM Software levels is the number of Axis the software allows for. You will see the standard types below. Think of it like this, as you add more Axis’, the more sophisticated the software must get and the more it will cost. It will also give you more flexibility though. That is the trade off, money for flexibility.

The different types of CAM Software

There are many different types of CAM Software. You will need to purchase the type that fits your machine. For example, if you have a CNC Plasma Cutter, you probably only need a 2D CAM Software version. The torch will only move in the X and Y planes. That is if you have a torch height control.

What if you have a CNC Milling Machine with X and Y axes that are powered by stepper motors? You will probably only need 2.5D CAM Software. That is because your parts will have depth.

What if you have a CNC Wood Router and it carves out three-dimensional shapes out of wood? It has three servo motors to control on the X, Y and Z-axis. Yep, you need 3D CAM Software.

What if you want to mill or carve something into a cylinder of stock material? You will need a 4th Axis CAM Software so the machine can rotate the cylinder while all the other three Axis’ are moving.

Here are the most common types of CAM Software2D CAM

2.5D CAM

3D CAM

4th Axis CAM

5th Axis CAM

Don Edge has used CNC in making some of his metal art. If you want more information on CAM Software or CAD CAM Software please go to http://www.cncinformation.com

Computer Aided Manufacturing Software

2008-01-07T23:08:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is one of the software automation processes that directly convert the product drawing or the object into the code design, enabling the machine to manufacture the product. The CAM system is used in various machines like lathes or milling machines for product manufacturing purposes. It allows the computer work instructions to communicate directly to the manufacturing machines. This saves on time and money, in that the controls can all be routed directly to a computer or laptop system, where changes can be made with the click of a button.

It provides compatibility with any CAD file format including DXF, DWG and DGN Professional 2D Mechanical drafting and design. It allows easy 3D modeling and rendering options. The CAM software provides complete support for milling, drilling and lathing operations. It includes the setup wizard, the tool database and a dialog-free CAM palette.

CAM software has developed in such a way that it has become quick, flexible machining with effective simulation. The 2D and 3D simulation is developed in the real time environment - a major advantage of the software. Load factor compensation for machine and tool, tool paths, automatic optimal tool paths and cumulative time are also major benefits in this CAM software.

Several software vendors like AutoDesk, EDC, PTC, GibbsCAM and CamSoft offer you the software with factors involving high quality, ease of use, and a reasonable price. EDS e-factory, EDS e-Vis, EDC FactoryCAD, PTC Pro/ENGINEER Advanced Assembly, and the API Toolkit are a few of the major software applications that are used in the CAM system.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

CNC And CAD - Computer Aided Design

2008-01-07T23:07:00.000-08:00

CAD stands for Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting. CAD was developed in the early 60s. Today it is the premier way to design, develop and optimized products. People use CAD every day to design virtually every product you see. Generally, designers use CAD to design a product, and then produce prints to manufacture that product. A print is a picture of a part or assembly that is very exact. It includes the dimensions and a parts list used to manufacture a product. CAD is the use of computer based software packages that assist engineers, architects and other design professionals in their designs. CAD is the part of the main designing process and involves both software and sometimes hardware. Current software packages range from 2D vector based drafting systems to 3D solid and surface modelers.

Computer Aided Drafting software packages can generally be broken into two groups. The groups are 2-D drafting packages or 3-D drafting packages. Most all software packages are moving to 3-D design. 3-D design is really the next generation of CAD. Utilizing 3-D design, engineers can make a model of their product. They can then look over this model for any apparent defects before it is ever made.

CAD is used to design, develop and optimize products. CAD is mainly used for the engineering of models and/or drawings of components. It is also used throughout the engineering process from concept to design of products. These products can be used by end consumers or used in other products. For example, you can design a bolt in CAD, and then use it in a Sub-Assembly in a planetary, which is a part of an earth-moving machine. CAD is also used in the design of tools and machinery. Finally, it is used in the design of all types of buildings from sheds to shopping malls.

Ivan Irons runs http://www.cncinformation.com/CNCBlog/ were you can get the latest on auto cad blocks, computers aided design, and CAD Blocks.

CAD Online Schools (Computer Aided Design)

2008-01-04T22:47:00.000-08:00

An online degree in CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) can prepare the graduate for a career in architecture, engineering, aerospace, manufacturing, and other design and drafting fields. Distance learning courses offer instruction in various CAD applications to aid in product design and development, and proper methods and techniques used in the field.

Graduates of online CAD courses are qualified to prepare plans and technical drawings for buildings and other large structures. CAD students learn to take a rough sketch and turn it into a detailed technical plan that is required before production can begin.

Online CAD schools allow future professionals to obtain certification and/or college degrees without stepping foot in a classroom. Students can study CAD at their own pace, in their own environment, while maintaining current employment.

There are multiple Distance Learning colleges that offer courses in CAD. Students may seek an online certification course, or college degrees including Associate, Bachelor, Master and even Doctorate. Positions for graduates of online CAD Schools can include drafter, architect, and engineer, among others.

If you are interested in learning more about Online CAD Schools and other programs of study, please search our site for more information and resources.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.

Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc., in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Visit our Distance Learning Directory and find Online Schools and other Schools, Colleges, Universities, and Trade Schools at SchoolsGalore.com; your educational resource to locate schools.

Computer Aided Manufacturing Applications

2008-01-02T22:53:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) refers to an automation process, which accurately converts product design and drawing or the object into a code format, readable by the machine to manufacture the product. Computer aided manufacturing complements the computer aided design (CAD) systems to offer a wide range of applications in different manufacturing fields. CAM evolved from the technology utilized in the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines that were used in the early 1950s. CNC involved the use of coded instructions on a punched paper tape and could control single manufacturing functions. CAM controlled computer systems, however, can control a whole set of manufacturing functions simultaneously.

CAM allows work instructions and procedures to be communicated directly to the manufacturing machines. A CAM system controls manufacturing operations performed by robotic milling machines, lathes, welding machines and other industrial tools. It moves the raw material to different machines within the system by allowing systematic completion of each step. Finished products can also be moved within the system to complete other manufacturing operations such as packaging, synthesizing and making final checks and changes.

Some of the major applications of the CAM system are glass working, woodturning, metalworking and spinning, and graphical optimization of the entire manufacturing procedure. Production of the solids of rotation, plane surfaces, and screw threads is done by applying CAM systems. A CAM system allows the manufacturing of three-dimensional solids, using ornamental lathes with greater intricacy and detail. Products such as candlestick holders, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, crankshafts, and camshafts can be manufactured using the CAM system. CAM system can also be applied to the process of diamond turning to manufacture diamond tipped cutting materials. Aspheric optical elements made from glass, crystals, and other metals can also be produced using CAM systems. Computer aided manufacturing can be applied to the fields of mechanical, electrical, industrial and aerospace engineering. Applications such as thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, solid mechanics, and kinematics can be controlled using CAM systems. Other applications such as electromagnetism, ergonomics, aerodynamics, and propulsion and material science may also use computer aided manufacturing.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

What Is Computer Aided Manufacturing?

2007-12-30T21:54:00.001-08:00

Over the past decade, manufacturing processes all over the world have undergone some dramatic changes. The introduction of automated systems and computer technology has allowed industries to significantly increase their productivity. CAM is the abbreviation for Computer Aided Manufacturing. Computer aided manufacturing accurately converts product drawing or the object into a computer readable code format, enabling the machine to manufacture the product. Computer aided manufacturing can be used in different machines like lathes and milling machines for manufacturing the related product.

A computer aided manufacturing system allows the manufacturer to systematically communicate work instructions to the machine. CAM has evolved from a technology referred to as the Computer Numerical Control (CNC), invented in the 1950s. CNC performed a set of coded instructions in a punched paper tape.

Computer aided manufacturing facilitates effortless and quick computer programming and faster execution of design changes. The computer aided management system integrates the computer aided design systems and controls tasks that involve order placement, scheduling, and replacement of tools. The implementation of CAM system leads to overall increase in efficiency of the manufacturing process. CAM systems are used in the automotive, aviation and furniture manufacturing sectors and areas such as mechanical engineering and electronic designing. Another significant benefit of using the computer aided management system is that it allows customization of the manufacturing process for creating client specific designs.

A computer aided manufacturing system requires a 3D environment for making it compliant with CAD systems. The CAM system can cost $18,000 or more along with the appropriate software. CAM allows automated integration of the manufacturing procedure with other mechanization systems such as Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM), Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), Direct Numerical Control (DNC), and Manufacturing Process Management (MPM). Repetitive tasks involved in the manufacturing process are delegated to machines using the CAM system, allowing workers involved to concentrate on quality control and productivity.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

History of Computer Aided Manufacturing

2007-12-27T22:34:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is one of the software automation processes that directly convert the product drawing or the object into the code design that enables the machine to manufacture the product. It is used in various machines like lathes and milling machines for the product manufacturing purposes. It allows the computer work instructions to communicate directly to the manufacturing machines.

The mechanism of CAM developed from the Computer Numerical Machines (CNC) in the early 1950?s. These systems were directed by a set of coded instructions in a punched paper tape. The proposal to develop the first numerically controlled machine was commissioned to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from the US Air Force in the year 1949. The entire proposed idea of developing this machine was demonstrated in the year 1952.

The motivation factor in developing these kinds of numerically automated machines involves the expensive costs in manufacturing the complex curved geometries in 2D or 3D constraints mechanically. The development of these machines considers the factors like easier programming in CAM and easy storage of programs. A program can be changed easily and avoid manual errors. Numerically controlled machines are safer to operate, and the complex geometry comes at a reasonable price.

James T. Parsons proposed the concept of the numerical control operations during the year of 1948. In 1950, the MIT servo mechanism lab developed the Numerical Control (NC) milling project. The remaining program parts were released in the later period of 1952 along with the first successful demo version. After 1955, major companies in the industry developed their own machine designs.

IBM?s Automatic Tool Changer in the year 1955, G & L?s first production of the skin-miller in the year 1957, and the machining center developed by K & T have all been considered to be major developments to promote the technology with more benefits. CAD drafting and the sculptured surfaces were developed in the year 1965; 7,700 NC?s were also installed during the same year.

During the year 1967, the concept of developing the CNC machine was proposed. The existence and the major development of the CAD/CAM machines evolved during the year 1972. 3D CAM/CAD systems were introduced in 1976. Expert CAM/CAD systems were developed in the year 1989. The major development of the CAM systems provides you with easier manufacturing of objects with high efficiency.

Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Computer Aided Manufacturing is affliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

Computer Aided Manufacturing Resources

2007-12-25T23:02:00.000-08:00

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the software automation process that directly converts an object into code and enables the machine to manufacture the product. It is used in various machines like lathes or milling machines for product manufacturing purposes. It allows the computer work instructions to communicate directly to the manufacturing machines.

CAM Resources provide you with various information regarding the actual system, applications, areas of CAM, software used and the detail information of the providers. In the early 1950?s, the technology evolved from the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines, which were directed by a set of coded instructions in a punched paper tape. The technology now has more advanced features for quick and reliable manufacturing processes.

CAM software helps you in many ways during the manufacturing of the product. It guides you with much quicker and easier steps to follow. The software is designed and developed with user-friendliness and compatibility. Fully integrated CAD and CAM software is also used to perform various processes within the CAM system. The 2D dimensional constraints also can be used using the software. TurboCADCAM3 software is available with more user-friendliness at reasonable prices. EDC, PTC, AutoDesk and CamSoft are the major software providers in the industry.

The major applications that are used by the CAM system are machines like lathes, welding machines, and robotic milling machines. Other applications that are used by the CAM system are in fields such as mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, aerospace engineering and electrical engineering. The system is considered to be very expensive as it ranges more than $18,000 along with the software.

CAM system mostly works as the integrated unit with the CAD system. A 3D environment is used for the integrated working, which provides you a better and faster manufacturing process. The manufacturing mechanisms that are handled within the system are Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM), Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), Direct Numerical Control (DNC), and Manufacturing Process Management (MPM). The CAM system also controls different factors that involve data verification during manufacturing; panelizing the design to fit in the raw material; and editing and adding manufacturing information.

Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

Computer Aided Manufacturing

2007-12-21T21:41:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is a software automation process that directly converts the product drawing or the object into the code format, enabling the machine to manufacture the product. CAM is used in various machines like lathes or milling machines for product manufacturing purposes.

A CAM system allows the work instructions to communicate directly to the manufacturing machines. In the early 1950?s, the technology has evolved from Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines which performs a set of coded instructions in a punched paper tape. A CAM controlled computer system can control the entire process performed by the robotic milling machines, lathes, welding machines and other various tools. It moves the product to various machines within the system by allowing each step to get completed during the manufacturing process.

CAM systems allow a much easier, faster computer reprogramming and a quicker implementation of the design changes. The CAM system, which integrates the CAD system, manages tasks involving ordering, scheduling and the replacement of tools. This kind of integration mechanism provides faster and more efficient manufacturing processes. The key areas that are managed by the CAM system are automotive, aviation and furniture industries.

A CAM system is very expensive as the entire system ranges more than $18,000 along with the software. A 3D environment is best suited in the working and integrating of the CAM system with the CAD system. In a CNC manufacturing process, a CAM system is used to simplify the machining and the designing processes. These systems are mostly used in major areas such as the mechanical engineering and electronic design automation.

The various manufacturing mechanisms that are handled within the system during the product manufacturing are Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM), Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), Direct Numerical Control (DNC) and Manufacturing Process Management (MPM). A CAM system controls different factors that involve data verification during manufacturing, panelizing the design to fit in the raw material, and editing and adding manufacturing information.

Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

What Is Computer Aided Design?

2007-12-19T22:31:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a type of computer-based tool used for drafting and designing. CAD is used in various designing fields such as architecture, mechanics, and electronics. This software enables a user to prepare fast and accurate drawings with flexibility in the drawing process. This allows a user to change dimensions with minimal effort.

CAD is not just for artists. Anyone with designing prowess and an inclination towards it can use this software. CAD has many built-in features and helps in giving easy accessibility to the user. It is the main geometry-authoring tool used for all 2D and 3D animation purposes. It is also used to design machinery and various tools. This is useful for engineers, architects, advertising designers, and animation professionals.

CAD can be used by consumers in designing and developing products. It can also be used as an intermediary in other products. CAD is used in architecture as an effective tool for designing all types of buildings. It is used in engineering processes to form conceptual designs and lay out analyses of components in manufacturing methods.

CAD software programs include many templates and symbols, which facilitate variety in the programmers' creation. The Computer Aided Design software is available at very low prices in markets and is easy to install. There are many software manufacturer websites available, which offer free downloads of trial CAD software. This allows users to get a fair idea of easy accessibility of this software and can check whether it possesses the required attributes or not.

In modern era, professionals use the CAD software because of its precise and creative benefits. Many educational institutions also included CAD in their academic curriculum to provide the students with the latest development in the creative designing fields. Therefore, CAD knowledge has become prerequisite for all professionals, who are involved in the field of design and drafting.

Computer Aided Design provides detailed information on Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design Software, Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, Computer Aided Design and Engineering and more. Computer Aided Design is affiliated with Cam And Computer Aided Design.

Computer Aided Design Applications

2007-12-17T22:33:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a type of computer-based tool used for drafting and designing. CAD is useful in various designing fields such as architecture, mechanical and electrical fields being some of them. This is a type of software, which enables users to create rapid and precise drawings and rough sketch plans of main products. It provides a flexible pattern in the drawing process that users can alter as according to their required dimensions with minimal efforts.

CAD is not only made for artists specifically but has the diversity to entertain all kinds of designing enthusiasts. This software has all built in features as per users need and come with many templates and symbols, for designing and drafting purposes, which gives it a wide area of application. It is the primary geometry-authoring tool used for all 2D and 3D designing purposes. It is useful for engineers, architects, and other designing professions.

CAD is applied in mechanical, automotive, aerospace, consumer goods, machinery, and shipbuilding applications. In this field, it is used for designing various machinery and tools that are useful for manufacturing purposes. In the field of electronics, it is used in manufacturing process planning, digital circuit design, and other software applications. In the field of architecture, it is used as an effective tool for designing all types of buildings and assessing the integrity of steel-framed buildings. It enables them to design buildings in 2D and 3D models to give almost a real replica of the original work. It is useful in engineering processes in conceptual design, and laying out and analyzing components in manufacturing methods. Computer Aided Software Applications are now available on personal computers to facilitate users to work from home.

Many professionals use the CAD software because of its precise and creative benefits. Lower product development costs and reduced design cycles are some other attributes of the CAD software. Many educational institutions are nowadays indulging in teaching CAD to their students to make them aware of the latest technological advancement in the field of designing.

Computer Aided Design Scanners

2007-12-14T22:10:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Design (CAD) scanners are the computing devices which develop the digital image file type of the design, developed and manufactured from the CAD system. A typical photocopier technology has been used in the CAD scanner mechanism. The scanning can be done in two ways. The smaller type scanners can be passed over the document surface by hand. The larger scanners use the flat-bed mechanism in which the document is placed over the bed and scanned.

There are different types of scanners available that depend on their dots per inch (dpi). The major types of scanners are flatbed scanners, film scanners and slide scanners. The other types are large format scanners, larger format engineering scanners, wide format scanners, wide format GIS scanners, and map scanners. CAD scanners are used mainly for modeling drawing purposes. 2D CAD scanner is best used for this purpose.

Flatbed scanners are the most commonly used intrinsic type scanner. Flatbed scanners place the documents over the flatbed for the scanning purpose. These scanners are reasonably priced, ranging around $150 for a good quality scanner or $400 for an excellent one. The drawing resolutions of these scanners are excellent and the quality is highly reliable. Film scanners can scan a resolution of 4,000 dpi with 42-bit color depth, which is normally used to scan photographic films.

A large format scanner enables you to perform all large documents in business. The options of special scan and the copy mode allow you to capture the drawing with variety in colors, sepia and blueprint, and faded black-white drawings. The enhancement control and the clean-up options are additional choices in the large format scanners. Wide format scanners offer you the digital capturing of the documents, drawings and other input text which enables you to view, edit, and archive the file to perform various other output applications.

There is a wide range of CAD scanners to choose from. The factors to be observed before buying a CAD scanner include the purpose of the scanner, the technical specifications that suit your needs, resolution, color depth, the type of scanning element used, document size, and the interface type. The other factors which have to be noted are the scanner software (which comes with the scanner device), compatibility, and product support.

Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing.

Computer Aided Design Scanners

2007-12-14T22:10:00.000-08:00

Cam And Computer Aided Design

2007-12-12T22:23:00.001-08:00

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the automation that uses various computer-aided design tools that guide engineers, architects and other professionals in their design activities. It is considered to be both software and special-purpose hardware. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is a software process that directly converts the product drawing into the code format enabling the machine to manufacture the product. CAM is used in various machines like lathes or milling machines for product manufacturing purposes.

CAM allows the computer work instructions to be given directly to the manufacturing machinery. It also uses algorithms for planning and controlling the fabrication processes. As a part of the design process, these algorithms are also used in the CAD systems during the manufacturability tests. The mechanism of CAM was developed by Computer Numerical Machines (CNC) in the early 1950?s. The system was directed by a set of coded instructions in a punched paper tape.

Integration of CAM with a CAD system designs and develops the manufacturing processes quickly and efficiently. This integrated mechanism is used in key areas such as the automotive, aviation and furniture industries. CAM is considered to be a very expensive system, which ranges over $18,000 for the computer system along with the software.

Design processes and the machining are more simplified with the help of the CAM system, which is used in CNC manufacturing. A 3D environment is used for a CAM system to work with the CAD system in most cases. A CAM system can efficiently control and manage various applications done from a single computer system. This makes the process much easier and faster; computer reprogramming is relatively simple and allows for faster implementation of design changes.

A CAM system controls the factors involving the data verification during manufacturing; panelizing the design to fit in the raw material; and editing and adding manufacturing information. Mechanical engineering and electronic design automation are the key areas where the CAM system is used. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM), Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) and Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) are the major manufacturing mechanisms that are involved in the CAM system.

Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing provides detailed information on Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing, Cam And Computer Aided Design, Computer Aided Design , Computer Aided Design Scanners and more. Applications of Computer Aided Manufacturing is affiliated with Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Pama S.P.A. Boring and Milling Machines

2007-12-09T22:19:00.001-08:00

Pama Boring & Milling machines.

Boring and milling machines for large size components Established in 1926.

PAMA has gained its position of prominence over the years in the field of boring and milling machines for large size components. PAMA headquarters and factory are located in Rovereto, near the northern part of Lake Garda (Italy).

PAMA boring and milling machines can be used in fields like energy, aerospace, shipbuilding, diesel engine, defence, earthmoving and general mechanics.

Among its customers PAMA has companies like: General Electric, Siemens, Ansaldo, Fincantieri, Vestas Wind Systems, Koenig & Bauer, Northrop Grumman Marine Systems, Fiat Hitachi, Dalian Heavy Industries, Dong Fang Steam Turbines, Caterpillar, etc.

The new family of boring machines SPEEDRAM 1000, SPEEDRAM 2000, SPEEDRAM 3000, SPEEDRAM 4000, SPEEDRAM 5000 is characterized by technological innovations with consolidated and firmly tested solutions.

PAMA boring machines family is available in a wide range of configurations of torque and power for the fields of general mechanics, power generation, earthmoving, diesel engine, aerospace, shipbuilding, etc.

2002 the company has been taken over by a new group of shareholders who invested large economic and financial resources in updating and renovating the entire production.

PAMA has today the most modern and complete programme of boring and milling machines for large size workpieces.

Quality System: PAMA has updated its quality certification ISO 9001 according to the new Vision 2000 standard.

USA & Canada

PAMA Inc
Sales, Service
450 Airport Rd. - Suite 107
ELGIN, IL 60123-9333
Ph. +1.847.9317392
FAX +1.847.9317396

www.pama.it/uk/
info@pama.us

China

Pama Shangai
Sales, Service
Room 8680, Building A
Jia Hua Business Center
808, Hong Qiao Road
SHANGHAI 200030, P.R. CHINA
Ph. +86.21.64481278
Ph. +86.21.64481287
FAX +86.21.64481282

www.pama.com.cn
pamasha@public7.sta.net.cn

The new website has been designed as an interactive service to deliver added value when communicating with our customers.

The website designed by RankLab Studio Web Agency, includes web marketing and promotional service on search engines. The technology is based on XHTML, ASP, AJAX and CSS script.

Boring Machines Milling Machines

Industrial Information - High Speed Milling Machines

2007-12-09T22:18:00.001-08:00

High speed machining is a proven stipulation characterized by low cutting forces and high metal removal. High Speed Milling is a technique used in the CNC Milling Industry that combines high spindle speeds with increased feed rates. This results in a high chip-forming rate and lower milling forces, producing an improved surface quality and closer tolerances. In high speed milling, the electronics can make all the difference. The right CNC coupled with other elements of the control system can let a slower machine mill a given form faster than a machine with a higher top feed rate.

1. High Speed Uses

High-speed CNC milling is used, for example, to machine the titanium rotors of the first high-pressure compressor stages of the EJ200 engine. High speed CNC milling allows cost-effective milling of the airfoil geometry from the solid. By subsequent finishing operations the planned surface finish is achieved. The CNC milling which caters to high speed must be structured with an axis movement system that is suitable for machining.

2. Axis Movement

The high-speed CNC milling machines required for the process must be fitted with an axis movement system suitable for machining blisks, which should be at least 5 axes simultaneously, depending on the milling task involved and an efficiently high-speed control system.

3. 3D Surfaces

High Speed CNC milling machines working on 3D surfaces in any materials produce a finer surface finish and higher accuracy in less time that the traditional milling machine. Acceleration is the most critical factor that affects the high speed machining. Since one or more axis are always increasing or decreasing velocity in a 3-D cut, ultimate feed rate is directly related to acceleration

4. What Can A High Speed Control Possibly Do?

A CNC milling machine which possesses a higher structural stiffness has a greater potential acceleration rate. Box shaped high speed CNC milling machine, like Bridge and Gantry is the mostly widely used types of High speed CNC milling tools. The overhead type Gantry exudes the highest stiffness, acceleration and accuracy among other high speed CNC milling tools. Due to its scalability, this machine type is available in sizes to match the work piece, from small to large.

In usual terms, it simply gives you the ability to finish one task faster and move along to the next sooner, making work output higher. In drilling and tapping, this can result in faster hole-to-hole times, quicker spindle reversals for tapping, and substantial cycle-time reductions. The most dramatic benefits, though, come in 3D designs machining. Few, drilling and tapping jobs require a million lines of machine codes. In molds, dies, patterns, and prototypes, complex surfaces comprising a million or more line segments are not at all uncommon. Saving just a fraction of a second per move can result in substantial cycle-time improvements.

5. Downsides - When Is Fast Too Fast?

But despite all these benefits, in high milling, the tool path segments can be so short that a machining center moving at a high feed rate can?t accelerate or decelerate fast enough to make direction changes accurately. Corners may be rounded off and the work piece surface may be gouged. Look-ahead is one answer. Look-ahead capability can let the CNC read ahead a certain number of blocks in the program, to anticipate sudden direction changes and slow the feed rate accordingly.

6. Additional Benefits:

- Improved accuracy
- Better fit
- Superior finish
- Better life
- Produce more work in less time
- Improving the accuracy and finish
- Reducing polishing and fitting time
- Tools simply last longer because their chip load is more consistent

For more great milling machine related articles and resources check out http://www.millinginfo.com

Cnc Machine Buying Guide

2007-12-06T22:45:00.000-08:00

CNC refers to the computer controls of a machine. With the help of a program code, it will be easier to replicate same parts. It is a great innovation in the field of manufacturing that makes mass production more efficient and practical. That is why companies, large or small, must exert effort to find a CNC machine that will best suit their needs.

Here are some tips on how you can get the best CNC machines.

- Buy and choose with the help of buyers representative. A buyers representative has been made to cater to the following needs and give advantages to CNC machine users -

1. To allow users to save time in negotiating

Most people who would buy CNC machines will have to settle with getting quotations from two to three manufacturers to save time and to avoid the hassle of talking to a lot of sales representative.

By asking professional help from someone who knows a lot about CNC machines and manufacturers, you will just coordinate with only one party- the buyers representative. They will be the one who will shoulder all the talking and negotiations for you.

And since they regularly collect updated quotations from the CNC machine manufacturers, it will take lesser time for you to get information regarding the CNC machine of your choice.

2. To check the quality of the products that they are referring to buyers

Buyers representatives exert effort to check that the machines that they will be referring to buyers are of good quality.

3. To offer a large variety of machines from different machine manufacturers

Most people do the common mistake of asking for quotations from the well- known (and expensive) brands in the market when they have the options of buying other brands that are as efficient yet cheaper than the ?mainstream? brands.

Buyers representative offer quotations from less prominent CNC machine manufacturers that has cheaper price as well. In this way, the buyers representative also gives equal playing fields for all CNC machine manufacturers, both in the large- scale and medium scale.

4. To allow buyers opportunities to get the best deal for their money and save some too.

All buyers would like to get the best thing that their money can buy. Also, all buyers would also prefer to save their hard- earned money without sacrificing efficiency and quality. Here are some ways buyers representative can help you save money -

- The buyers representative only charge 5 percent of the cheapest CNC machine that meets the buyers requirements. That is a small price to pay for the assurance that you will get a wonderful CNC machine that will cater to your needs.

- The buyers do not have to settle in buying prominent brands and pay for the brand name. With lesser money to spend, one can get a machine as efficient as the prominent brands.

- By forming buying groups, buyers representative can also negotiate with manufacturing companies to give discounts to prospective buyers.

- With greater competition among the manufacturers, there will be better quality of products and more affordable prices.

- If getting help from buyers representative is not your choice, you can always do it yourself. The general rule in buying CNC machines is to be familiar with all the parts first then everything else will follow.

1. Make sure that the following parts are intact and correctly attached to the CNC machine to ensure the perfect working condition of the machine -

- the safety shield (a plastic that cover that protects the working space),

- the tool or drill bit (the part that does the cutting),

- spindle shaft (the part that holds the tooldrill bit),

- the spindle motor (the part that drives and controls the cutter),

- the vertical or upright column ( holds the pieces together) and

- the control box.

2. Always look for the emergency stop button in your CNC machine. This is to ensure that when an error is made, the machine can be stopped manually to prevent further damages from happening.

3. Big control guides are preferred so it will be easier for user to refer to it. It will also be helpful for operators who have poor eyesight too.

4. The plastic that comprises the shield must be made from sturdy polycarbonate.

For more great cnc related articles and resources check out http://cncinsider.info.

Guide To CNC Machines

2007-12-03T22:38:00.001-08:00

CNC machines are used in a variety of industrial settings and in woodworking shops. Most are out of the price range for the individual user, but can be purchased used for about half the price. These machines increase speed and accuracy when doing large jobs or repetitive tasks.

How CNC Machines Work
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CNC machines are used in a variety of industry, manufacturing processes and woodworking shops. CNC routers are used for drilling holes. Some machines have the capability of holding several tools. This allows them to perform more than one operation at a time. They save time and improve accuracy.

CNC stands for Computer Numerated Control. This technology was first seen in the 1970s. The machines need to be programmed and set up properly before operation. Once the initial set up is completed, they are fairly easy to operate and keep running.

In CNC routers, they can be programmed to drill holes in an automatic fashion. This is faster and more accurate over several pieces than in manual drilling. The results are more uniform. This method is very beneficial for larger jobs that require a lot of drilling. Manual drilling can become tiring and when the operator becomes tired, the results can become inconsistent.
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Types of CNC Machines
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A CNC lathe is a good piece of equipment for cutting wood. These come in models ranging from fifteen to forty horsepower. The amount of power you need depends on the amount of wood you will use with the lathe. The best models operate in several different modes, from completely manual to all CNC. This allows you to tailor the machine?s operation for each project.

A Bridgeport mill is the best in milling technology. Mills are used in many industries, both large and small shops. They are efficient and reliable. Bridgeport mills are built to last a lifetime. However, they are very expensive. The price is out of the range that most people can afford.

The CNC mill is a specialty piece of equipment. It uses computer programming and robotics for accurate operation. The results are more accurate than any person could ever achieve. For this reason, Bridgeport mills are often used in the airline industry. Once the specs are entered, the CNC decides which tools need to be used and automatically changes the tools as needed.

Engraving equipment is made to engrave a variety of materials including glass, stone, metal, wood, composites and many others. The machines mark and engrave with more accuracy than could ever be achieved by hand. Everything from large signs to small lettering can be done, depending on your needs.
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Buying Used units
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CNC equipment is very expensive and out of the price range of most people. Buying used CNC electronics is an affordable option for some people. You can save nearly 50% or more on some equipment. Be careful when buying used, you want to be sure the equipment is in good condition.

A better option is to look for refurbished equipment. These machines have been inspected at the factory. Any broken or damaged components are replaced. In many cases, the machine is painted and new decals are applied. It?s like getting a new machine for a significantly reduced price. Often, you will get a one year warranty with reconditioned equipment. This gives you time to be sure it is working properly and if not, you can get it fixed for free. Charles Mahoney publishes many articles for the website http://www.inside-woodworking.com . He writes on topics from CNC technologies and other areas in this field.

The Mini CNC Machine

2007-12-03T22:37:00.001-08:00

The mini CNC machine gives the manufacturer a way to reduce cycle time. The mini CNC machine helps the manufacturer to avoid a long void between the end of one operation and the start of the next operation. The manufacturer who decides to purchase a mini CNC machine has chosen to apply the principles of cycle time to the area of production machinery.

The nature of the mini CNC machine creates three ways by which miniaturization can pave the way for cycle time reduction. This article will list three ways by which a manufacturer can reduce cycle time. It will also provide details concerning how the mini CNC machine permits the manufacturer to apply the principles of cycle time reduction to the operation of the mini CNC machine, and ultimately to the process of machine production.

The effort to reduce the manufacturers cycle time begins with an attempt to minimize the amount of time that operators spend loading and unloading various materials. The operator of a CNC machine will work more efficiently if he or she is able to minimize the workplace loading and unloading. This minimization is achieved through use of the mini CNC machine.

The operator of the mini CNC machine can save time by using large bed sizes and a small footprint. The operator of a mini CNC machine will save money by loading into the machine a wide piece of material and then limiting each process (cutting, engraving, routing, and drilling) to a small footprint.

The operator of a CNC-based piece of equipment can reduce cycle time by reducing the tool maintenance time. Such a reduction is made possible by the mini CNC machine. The small size of the miniaturized machines facilitates the creation of multiple design options. The large number of options leads to creation of a generous number of spare parts. Meanwhile the surplus of spare parts guarantees the ready replacement of any malfunctioning parts.

The operator of a mini CNC machine also reduces cycle time by decreasing the program execution time. The clamping of small elements to the mini CNC machine and the automation of the tiny machine parts leads to a lowering of operator intervention. Whenever operators can afford to devote less time to matching the quality of a previous result, then the manufacturer saves money.

It thus becomes obvious that the characteristics of the mini CNC machine guarantee the application by the operator of the principles of cycle time. Three aspects of any CNC program fall under the control of the product manufacturer.

1) The time required for workplace equipment to accomplish the loading and unloading of the material that requires a transformation (a cutting, drilling, routing or engraving),
2) The length of the program execution time,
3) The length of the tool maintenance time.

The ability of a mini CNC machine to substantially alter any of the above three aspects could lead to a reduction in cycle time. A reduction in cycle time could improve performance of the process machinery. Peter Vermeeren is the owner and webmaster of: Machines and Tools - Airsoft GOT | Tactical Gear and Kamikaze Martial Arts

CNC Cutting Machine

2007-12-02T22:58:00.000-08:00

The operators of the present-day CNC cutting machine demonstrate many of the same skills as those possessed by various traditional craftsmen. The operators of the CNC cutting machine include the men and women who design and make cabinets, woodwork, signs, and a whole range of metal, solid surface and plastic objects. The manufacturers who employ these operators know how important it is to have a good quality CNC cutting machine.

A good quality CNC cutting machine has a cutting table that covers the area bounded by a length of four feet and a width of eight feet. A quality table can handle satisfactorily a standard 4 x 8 plate of metal, wood, plastic, glass, or stone. A table that lacks a sufficient length or width will make it necessary for the operator to repeatedly reposition the plate. Operators of the CNC cutting machine refer to such repositioning as indexing.

A good basic CNC cutting machine does both plasma and oxyfuel cutting. Refinements on a basic cutting machine might provide it with the ability to perform other functions, functions such as:

-spotting holes for drilling
-drilling aluminum
-cutting a shape in the sides or end of tubing
-routing wooden shapes.

Other modifications on a CNC cutting machine might be directed at installation of the equipment for laser or water jet cutting.

The selection of a CNC cutting machine will be primarily determined by the nature of cutting that will be performed by the machine operator. For some operations, it will be necessary to do only straight cutting. For other operations, the cutting machine must perform bevel cutting. Bevel cutting allows the operator to trim, reduce, shave, and pare the material in the plate.

Both types of cutting will subject the CNC cutting machine to a fair amount of wear and tear. The manufacturer therefore needs to purchase a machine with adequate customer support. Such support should include the availability of spare parts. An absence of spare parts could require that the electronics of the CNC cutting machine undergo a retrofitting.

A need for retrofitting would deprive the operator of important production time. The need for retrofitting would diminish the quantity of goods that could be sold to the consumer. The need for retrofitting leads to a decrease in the amount of time that the operator will be spending at the CNC cutting machine. That is why the availability of spare parts for a malfunctioning CNC cutting machine remains one of the two chief concerns of the manufacturer. A second prime concern is the size of the cutting table.

The operator of a CNC cutting machine that needs to spend a large percent of time indexing will not have much time to spend on the actual cutting. Hence, the manufacturer will have much less product. Fewer products from the manufacturing facility translate into fewer products on the shelf. Consequently, the need for operators to spend time indexing can prove a detriment to the company?s bottom line. A good sales volume reflects the well-planned purchase of a CNC cutting machine.Peter Vermeeren is the owner and webmaster of: Machines and Tools and Airsoft GOT | Tactical Gear | Military Supplies

CNC Machining

2007-11-29T04:01:00.004-08:00

CNC machining in the industrial the context refers to Computer Numerical Control. Computers are used to control machine tools for the purpose of manufacturing complex and intricate parts of metal and other material. More over the cutting process is enabled, using a program written in a notation confirming to EIA-274-D standard, which is often referred as G-code. The computer numerical controls were developed in late 1940’s and 1950’s, but were briefly preceded due to less advanced numerically controlled machines. However the CNC technology has developed greatly, with advances in mechanics and the computer sector. The developed CNC machines have drastically changed the face of the manufacturing industry.

More over the CNC structure has dramatically reduced human intervention in machining. It is easy to cut curves or straight lines, and structuring intricate 3-D parts has become relatively easy.

However CNC machines have helped to increase automation of the manufacturing sector, and have enabled improvements in consistent and quality production. The machininig technology has even helped significantly in reducing the frequency of errors and has provided the CNC operators with time to perform additional tasks. CNC automation also gives higher flexibility to the way tools are gripped in the manufacturing process, and the time required to produce different products.

Often for producing parts requiring several operations, a series of CNC machines are combined into one station, commonly referred to as a cell. However CNC structures today are controlled directly, with help of the files created by CAM software packages. Wherein the assembly can go directly from design to manufacturing, eliminating the need of producing a paper draft of the manufactured component.

Moreover CNC technology has enabled convenient and automated handling, of various machine tools such as drills, edm, lathes, milling machines, wood routers, sheet metal works, and hot-wire foam cutters. CNC technologies represent a special segment of industrial robot systems, as they are flexible and programmable to undertake any machine operation task.

Machining provides detailed information on Machining, CNC Machining, Casting Molding Machining, Precision Machining and more. Machining is affiliated with Automotive Machine Shop Services

CNC Machines Get The Job Done

2007-11-29T04:01:00.003-08:00

If you need a machine that will improve your speed and accuracy then try a CNC machine when you are getting large jobs done or doing very repetitive tasks. You can get a used one for half the cost of a new one since most individuals wouldn’t want to spend their money on a new one. CNC equipment can be found in woodworking shops or industrial settings. Add them to your collection that includes a milling machine as well.

If you need to drill holes than consider a CNC router. Some of them can hold more than one tool too. This makes it possible to do more than one procedure at a time. This will help you cut back on the tie you spend working and help you become more accurate.

Computer Numerated Control is the full name for CNC. In the 1970’s this technology was first created. These machines are easy to run and operate after they have been initially set up. They also need to be set up correctly and programmed before they are operated.

They can be made so you can drill a hole automatically. This can be much more accurate and quicker than manual drilling. You will get more uniform results. If you have a large job that needs a lot of drilling then this can be a good choice for you. You might get more inconsistent results when you are doing manual drilling and if the operator gets tired.

If you want a good thing to cut wood with then try a CNC lathe. You can buy one that ranges from 15-40 horsepower. You will choose the lathe power you need depending on the type of wood you use. You can get a model that comes with more than one mode. You can one that is totally manual or CNC. You can rig each machine for your individual project.

If you want the best in milling technology then try a Bridgeport mill. You can find a mill in both a small shop or a large one. If you want a mill that will last forever than try a Bridgeport mill. They are very pricey and more so than most people can afford.

A CNC mill use a special type of instrument that uses a combination of robotics and computer programming. You will get great results better than anyone could ever want. These are the kind of mills that the airline companies use. The CNC decides which tool is need for an operation and changes as it goes.

Since CNC equipment is so pricey it means most people can’t afford it. If you get a used machine you may find that you can afford it. You may be able to save about half on a used machine compared to a new one.

Being really passionate about cnc machinery and woodworking tools, Greg Hansward authored different summaries in this specific area. With his detailed writings on cnc machines and tools and cnc machinery the reviewer showed his deep knowledge on the topic.

CNC Machines

2007-11-29T04:01:00.001-08:00

A CNC machine is used in woodworking shops and some other industrial settings. They are very expensive, so most individuals do not buy them, although used ones can be obtained more cheaply. They are important for speed and accuracy in large, repetitive tasks.

There are many uses in industry for CNC machines. Routers drill holes, for example. Many CNC machines can perform a number of tasks at once, improving efficiency in the manufacturing process.

The technology behind these machines is Computer Numerated Control. This technology was developed in the seventies and it allows for a machine to be programmed in advance so the operations are set up to work almost automatically. The initial setup is a little complicated, but once that is done the machine is easy to operate.

A CNC router would be programmed to drill a hole repeatedly at certain intervals. This is much more efficient than manual calculation and drilling and eliminates inconsistency due to human error or fatigue.

A CNC lathe would be used to cut pieces of wood of uniform size and shape. Lathes can have horsepower ranging from 15 to 40 HP, and how much power is needed depends upon the job being done. A good CNC lathe will allow you to work at various levels of automation, so that you can work all manual, or all automated, or any combination in between.

The best mill available is the Bridgeport mill. Mills are designed to be used in both large industries and small milling shops, and the Bridgeport mill is built to last in any situation. The price is prohibitive, however, for individual use.

A CNC mill is considered specialty equipment. The concept is to use computer programming and robotic operation for speed and accuracy. This kind of speed and accuracy would be impossible to achieve for an individual. The airline industry frequently uses the CNC technology of Bridgetown mills; specifications are entered, and the mill automatically determines which functions to perform and how.

Engravers can also be CNC machines. Engraving can be done on many materials, including wood or wood composite, metal, stone or glass. These machines can do very exact engraving on materials from the smallest to the largest, and have the same result over and over.

Since CNC machines are so expensive most individuals cannot afford them, there may be individuals who do a lot of repetitive machine work and would like to obtain one. An option in this case is a used CNC machine, which can be as low as half the price of a new one. It is important to make sure the used machine is in good condition, so you may be better off looking for a rebuilt machine. This is one that has had the major components replaced so it is almost a new machine. Frequently, rebuilt machines have a warranty of at least one year, so that you can be assured that it will be working, or you can get it repaired if it does not.

Linden Walhard pens mainly for http://www.insidewoodworking.com, an online publication covering information on woodworking tools, cnc machinery and other areas. His work on cnc machinery and cnc machines and tools are found on his web publications .

CNC Machines

2007-11-29T04:00:00.001-08:00

What is a CNC Machine? CNC stands for Computer Numeric Control. Sounds complicated, but it isn’t. Years ago, it was just NC, or Numeric Control. Since, they’ve added computers to control the machine.

In the simplest of terms, think of a drill press. It’s a machine that drills holes. But before you can drill the hole, you have to loosen the chuck, install the correct drill bit, drill the hole in the correct place, turn off the drill, and remove the drill bit. Manually, this could be time consuming and cause fatigue over the course of numerous parts. This is a simple example, but throw in some lathe or milling machining and you have a greater chance for error.

With the CNC machine, all of this drilling can be done automatically instead of the manual process listed above. Machining has to be precise, and whether you use a CNC lathe or milling machine, you have to make sure the part is right. The computer takes a lot of the guesswork out of the machining of these parts. In fact, a CNC programmer can sometimes get bored watching the machine do all the work.

But there is more programming for the machine than you would think. The operator has to enter a set of instructions. The programming uses about 50 words and tells the machine how fast, how deep, and location for machining.

What can you do with a CNC machine? In manufacturing, you can use this tool for milling, drilling, reaming, boring and counter boring. You can also groove and thread parts in a CNC turning center. You may have several setups including CNC lathes, CNC drill and tap area, CNC milling, or even CNC grinding.

EDM (electrical discharge machining) can also take advantage of CNC operations. EDM can be either vertical or wire. A vertical EDM machine uses an electrode to make a cavity for a plastic injection-molding machine. A wire EDM machine uses a wire to cut metal for a tooling operation for fabrication. EDM is more closely related to making tooling for other machines, people often overlook the use of CNC with these machines.

CNC machines can also be used with routers in the wood industry. CNC can also be used with lettering and engraving.

I hope this gave you some basic information about what a CNC machine is and what they are used for.

Stuart Simpson

http://www.cnc-machine-review.com

Inexpensive PCs as CNC Machine Controllers

2007-11-29T03:58:00.000-08:00

Part I, Utilizing an off the shelf PC as a CNC Controller

There are two main groups that can take advantage of today’s low cost PCs as an effective and inexpensive CNC controller.

• Retrofits to existing CNC machines with outdated or proprietary controls in need of service.

• Shop built and home built CNC machines.

Inexpensive PCs can cost as little as $150.00 and yet provide a dependable and effective CNC machine controller. Some sources to consider for obtaining such a system are outpost.com and dell.com. Oupost.com is an outlet for Fry’s electronics. They have one PC on sale ranging from $150.00 to $199.00. Several have successfully used this PC in conjunction with MACH2 CNC controller software.

Tradeoffs: Price vs. Quality. With the lowest cost PCs there a tradeoff in performance, quality, and reliability. The manufacturers of these machines use low cost hardware in their manufacture and they make compromises in the design of the systems to keep their costs down. Inexpensive hardware translates directly to a higher failure rate and more difficult to obtain manufacturer support. This can be a deciding factor by itself if you rely on this machine for production.

Design compromises which are common in low cost PC have an impact on performance. The primary concerns are: insufficient memory, the use of shared memory, and on-board graphics devices. The primary hardware requirements for a PC based CNC controller are sufficient memory, and sufficient processor speed. You can see that the compromises present in these systems are in direct opposition to the requirements for CNC controller.

At the bottom end of the Inexpensive PC market there are off the self solutions that will function well as a PC based CNC controller. As with all things, you tend to get what you pay for, so the buyer is advised to be aware of the requirements and limitations that are in play.

Part II in this series of articles will examine an alternative to buying an off the shelf solution and explore building a PC to meet your specifications.

Dan Staber a Mechanical Engineer offering design, analysis, consultation, and project management services. Dan is also a licensed professional engineer is the states of South Dakota and Washington. For more information please vist - http://www.qacad.com

dcstaber@qacad.com